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Cartoon depiction of
a Beating Petty Persons Ritual
(Image: Apple Daily 蘋果日報) |
Beating Petty Persons
(打小人
Mandarin: Da Xiaoren; Cantonese: Da Siu Yun) is a form of southern
Chinese folk sorcery that is popular in Guangdong
province and Hong Kong . Da (打)
means to beat or to hit, and a xiaoren (小人) literally
means a small or petty person which refers to someone who causes grief, trouble, or anger
to others. It is also sometimes translated as vile person or villian. A
xiaoren could be an ordinary person like a personal rival, a problematic
neighbor, a nasty boss, a backstabbing coworker, or an irritating customer. Or it
could be somebody famous like an unpopular politician or a Public Enemy Number One.
The basic idea of the ritual is to use a shoe or other
implement to beat a paper effigy representing a targeted person (the “petty
person”) to bring him or her harm, so that the petty person no longer brings
trouble to the one who requests the ritual. To put it another way, it is a form
of Asian voodoo magic.
People who perform this folk ritual as a professional career
are traditionally elderly women, although in recent times, a small number of younger
women have also taken up this profession.
To perform the ritual, the professional petty person beater goes through the following general steps (with
some variations depending on the individual practitioner):
1. Make Offerings to the Deity (奉神 feng shen)
Incense and candles are first offered to the deity installed
in the practitioner’s shrine. This introductory act is to request and enlist
the deity’s help in order to make the ritual successful.
In the case of streetside practitioners who offer their
services at a public area out-of-doors, the shrine is usually a make-shift
shrine consisting of a cardboard box containing a porcelain statue of any
popular deity from Chinese folk religion.
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Makeshift shrines
for the Beating Petty Persons Ritual
(Image: Original
source unknown)
|
2. Make a Report/Petition to the Deity (稟告神明 binggao shenming)
The petty person beater gets the name and birth information
of the client and writes it on a ritual paper.
She then asks the client to identify the targeted person
(petty person). If the client has a particular person in mind, then that petty person’s
identity is noted on a paper effigy, along with some or all of the following –
name, gender, address, birth information, photo, and a piece of the person’s
clothing.
If the client does not have anyone specifically in mind, then
he or she is only seeking the ritual as a general blessing to keep away potential
petty persons.
The petition is then presented to the deity in the petty
person beater’s shrine.
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A professional beater’s religious shrine
(Image:
Ta Kung Pao News 大公报) |
Important Sidenote:
At this point, I feel that it is important to include a personal comment here.
It is common to see an image of Bodhisattva Guanyin (觀音菩薩 Guanyin Pusa; Bodhisattva Avalokiteshvara) in the shrines used by
petty person beaters. Bodhisattva Guanyin is a much beloved religious figure in
Chinese religion. She is equally venerated by Buddhists, Taoists, and followers
of popular folk religion as well. But her origin is from Mahayana Buddhism
where she is regarded as a fully enlightened buddha. The compassion and wisdom
of Guanyin is all-encompassing, so according to an orthodox Buddhist
perspective, the inclusion of a Guanyin image (or any other Buddhist figure for
that matter) in a ritual for bringing harm to others is definitely inappropriate
and a badly-conceived concept. I believe it’s also safe to say the same thing
for any other orthodox Taoist deity that might also be used. But I digress…
3. Beat the Petty Person (打小人 da xiaoren)
A set of petty person
ritual papers (小人紙 xiaoren zhi) is prepared which
will serve as an effigy for the targeted person (or the general idea of a petty
person if there is no particular person specified).
The common set of effigy papers generally consists of a male petty person ritual paper (男小人紙 nan xiaoren zhi) and/or a female petty person ritual paper (女小人紙 nu xiaoren zhi) wrapped in a five ghosts ritual paper (五鬼紙 wugui zhi).
The common set of effigy papers generally consists of a male petty person ritual paper (男小人紙 nan xiaoren zhi) and/or a female petty person ritual paper (女小人紙 nu xiaoren zhi) wrapped in a five ghosts ritual paper (五鬼紙 wugui zhi).
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A woman shows a set of petty person ritual papers
(Image:
Apple Daily 蘋果日報) |
The petty person beater places the paper effigy on a brick,
and then uses a shoe, slipper, or some other form of symbolic weapon to repeatedly
strike the paper effigy while reciting Cantonese rhyming verses that are vile
and intended to send harm to the petty person. The brick is a very hard object,
so by association, it brings more pain to the petty person. It is also said
that a shoe or slipper that has been previously worn brings more power to the
ritual.
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A woman beating a petty person effigy with a slipper
(Image:
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A professional petty person beater
(Image:
Apple Daily 蘋果日報) |
4. Offer Sacrifice to the White Tiger (祭白虎 ji baihu)
Raw fatty pork, sometimes dipped in pig’s blood, is offered
to a paper effigy representing the malevolent White Tiger. Sometimes, grease
from the fatty pork is also smeared on the paper tiger’s mouth.
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In the foreground, representations of the White Tiger
are offered raw fatty pork
(Image:
Apple Daily 蘋果日報) |
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A paper effigy of the White Tiger is offered raw fatty
pork
(Image:
Oriental Daily News 東方日報) |
This step is sometimes omitted, but it is especially
important if the day happens to be Jingzhe
(驚蟄),
the third term of the Twenty-four Solar Terms
(二十四節氣
Ershisi Jieqi) in the Chinese lunisolar
calendar.
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Jingzhe−Insects awaken, the third of the Twenty-four Solar Terms
(Image: Original source unknown, edited by Harry
Leong)
|
Jingzhe means Awakening of Hibernating Insects, and indicates
when the spring weather is warming up. This day is when the sun reaches a
celestial longitude of 345°. It falls on March 5th or 6th
of the Western Gregorian calendar. According to legend, the first thunderstorm
of the year will awaken hibernating insects on this day, as well as stirring up
certain negative forces that are represented by the White Tiger. In ancient
times, it was customary for people to offer religious sacrifice to the White
Tiger spirit on this day to keep its forces at bay. The custom of offering sacrifice to the White Tiger and the
practice of Beating Petty Persons were somehow gradually merged, and thus,
Jingzhe also became the most popular day for people to request the Beating
Petty Persons ritual. It is also believed that the ritual is most effective on
this particular day.
5. Dispel Negativities (化解 huajie)
The petty
person beater may scatter
rice, beans, sesame seeds, or a combination of these, to get rid of
negativities. She may also use a Talisman
for dispelling a hundred obstacles (白解符 baijie fu) and wave it over the client’s body and burn it for
removing obstructions.
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A woman scatters sesame seeds and beans to get rid of
negativities
(Image:
|
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An example of a Talisman
for dispelling a hundred obstacles
(Image:
Travel18.net)
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6. Pray for Blessings (祈福 qifu)
A red Talisman of noble persons (貴人符 guiren fu) is placed into the hands of the client and then it is burned
to attract helpful people.
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An example of a Talisman
of noble persons
(Image:
Collection of Harry Leong) |
7. Offer Treasures to the Deity (進寶 jinbao)
Joss paper
representing gold and silver (金銀衣紙 jinyin yizhi) are burned as gifts of appreciation for the
deity’s help.
8. Consult the Crescent Moon Divination Blocks (擲筊 zhi
jiao / 打杯 da
bei)
The petty person beater then uses the crescent moon
divination blocks (筊杯 jiaobei) to ascertain if the ritual was successful or not.
The crescent moon blocks are held and then dropped to the ground in front of
the deity shrine. If the blocks land with one facing up and one facing down,
then it is accepted as a positive response and the ritual is considered
complete. But if the blocks land both facing up or both facing down, then it is
a negative answer and the ritual procedure must be repeated again.
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A set of crescent moon divination blocks
(Image: Original source unknown)
In Hong Kong , a
well known hotspot where professional petty person beaters congregate and offer
their services is underneath the Canal Road Flyover (堅拿道天橋 Mandarin: Jianna Dao Tianqiao;
Cantonese: Gin Na Dou Tin Kiu) in Wanchai district. Locals call the flyover Goose Neck
Bridge
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Underneath the
(Image:
Original source unknown) |
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A professional petty person beater underneath the
(Image:
Oriental Daily News 東方日報) |
There are two main views concerning the nature and efficacy
of the ritual that are shared even by the professional beaters themselves. One view
is that the ritual merely serves as a psychological outlet for people who feel
anger towards their enemies. The performance of the beating ritual helps them
release this anger and provides them with a renewed sense of confidence for
dealing with difficult people. The other view, held by those that take the
ritual seriously, is that it really does have the power to inflict harm and
stop troublesome people in their tracks.
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A client watches on as a professional beater performs
the ritual
(Image: Apple Daily 蘋果日報)
|
The Ritual of Beating Petty Persons has become so famous
that according to Time magazine’s The Best
of Asia 2009, the ritual was described as the “best way to get it off your chest.”
In 2014, the Hong Kong Home Affairs Bureau officially
released its list of Intangible Cultural
Heritage of Hong Kong (香港非物質文化遺產 Xianggang Feiwuzhi Wenhua Yichan) which included
the Beating Petty Persons Ritual because it is considered to be a part of Hong Kong ’s ancient traditions and living culture.
Text © 2016 Harry Leong
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